Stock Exchange

Stock market issues equities or shares to the public of different public limited company to the general public. The processes work in a flow from sales at a primary market in the first phase and reselling of in secondary markets. Stock market orders are performed through speculators.

6 Different Types of Stock Market Orders

Fixed Price Order

When the broker receives instruction from the client to buy or sell certain shares at a fixed price indicated in the order it is called a “fixed-price or at limit order” for example a fixed order may say,  “sell 20 shares of “CROWN” at $.340 or Buy 20 shares of “CROWN” at $.330.

At Best or At the Market Order

Where no price is specified in the order and it must be executed immediately at the best price obtainable at the time. It is called at Best or At the Market order. In this type of order, a broker has no discretion. For instance “Buy or sell 50 shares of “HSBC” at best.

Open Order

Where no time limit is declared by the client during whom his order must be executed, it is named as an open order.

Discretionary Orders

When the client full confidence in his broker he may instruct to buy or sell certain securities at whatever he thinks reasonable.

An Immediate or Cancel Order

This order must be executed at once at the best possible price by the broker. For example, buy or sell 50 shares of “MAZDA” at $.450 immediately or cancel If he shares are not available at the same price as desired by the client, the order would be canceled and it will be reported to the client.

Stop-Loss Order

Such an order is placed by the client with a view to protect himself against a heavy fluctuation in prices. For instance, Buy 50 shares of “PHILIPS” at $450 or stop. “This means that the broker will not act so long as the price remains below $450.

When it reaches $450, the brokers must purchase the shares. If an investor wants to dispose of his shares which had been bought at $450, he may instruct the broker to sell 50 shares of “PHILIPS” at $.440 Stop.

“Thereby his loss will not exceed $10 per share

Lisa C. Townes

Lisa is a passionate travelers. She spends 3 months every year visiting different places worldwide. She has visited almost every famous place in the world. She herself is an affiliate blogger

There are four kinds of speculators who conduct their activities at the share market. Stock Exchange Speculator is divided in Jobber, Broker, Bull, Bear, Contango, Lame duck, Stag & Backwardation. All these duties & functions are different from each other depending upon their job nature.

You can also take their consultancy services of investing in shares or not; if you are new to stock exchange.

Types & Functions of Stock Exchange Speculators

Jobber

Jobber is the member of the stock exchange who performs important functions. He is an independent dealer in securities which are transacted in the market. He conducts the securities in his own name but he cannot deal directly with non-members. In other words, jobber has to deal with a broker or another jobber.

He is a professional speculator who has complete information regarding the particular shares he deals in. Jobber does not transact for the commission but transacts for profit which he gains from speculating activities. In brief, he renders the valuable services by executing the public’s stock market orders that help to make the price fluctuations smooth.

Broker

The broker is a bonafide member of the stock exchange who deals outside the house for the purpose of bringing together his clients and jobber. In other words, he is an intermediary for his clients who cannot deal directly on the stock exchange. Broker thus transacts business in securities on behalf of his clients.

He generally deals in a large variety of securities. He receives a commission from his clients in exchange for his services. He is an experienced agent of the public. He renders important functions in regard to deal with skilled jobbers directly.

Bull

He is a speculator who buys different types of shares in the expectations of rising in their price in the future. He may sell these securities at the expected higher price without their coming into his possession. He is regarded as a potential seller in reaping of his profit. He sustains losses if the prices fall instead of rising.

Bear

He is also speculator who sells various securities for the objective of taking advantages of an expected fall in the prices. He is always in a position to impose of security which he does not possess. In this way, he makes the profit on each transaction. He may suffer losses if the price of security rises by the date of delivery. As he feels the prices will certainly fall in future so he is considered the potential buyer.

Contango

Contango is a term denoted for the practice of carrying over dealing with the next settlement. It is also regarded as interest which must be paid to the broker by buyers. In some cases, the purchaser shows his inability to pay the process of the securities on any specific date.

So, he requests the broker to carry over the transaction to the next bargain. For this, the broker is paid a remuneration described as contango.

Backwardation

This term describes the charge or interest paid by the seller of securities who wishes to postpone transaction to the next account. Sometimes the seller is not in a position to make delivery on the settlement day. So he wants to arrange to carry over the transaction to the next bargain. The buyers are thus paid a charge denoted as Backwardation.

Lame Duck

When a bear finds it difficult of meeting his obligations, he is called to be marketing like a lame duck. This may happen where he has been cornered. A bear generally agrees to dispose of certain shares on a specific date. But are some cases on the specific date he cannot deliver the shares because no shares are obtainable in the market.

The second party may refuse to postpone the delivery. Thus lame duck may suffer heavy financial losses and his activities may come to end,

Stag

A stag is a speculator who applies for shares of the newly floated company as if he were a genuine investor. He has no intention to become an actual holder of the shares but he buys the shares with the object of selling them above the par value to gain the premium. His activities are not free from risk.

Sometimes the prices decline due to various factors. So the shares would be available in the market at a discount and stag may have to sell the shares at a loss.

Lisa C. Townes

Lisa is a passionate travelers. She spends 3 months every year visiting different places worldwide. She has visited almost every famous place in the world. She herself is an affiliate blogger