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Management sciences have proven their importance in every part of life no matter who you are, a worker at some organization or owner of the organization you must have good knowledge about management in order to be successful. Because whoever you are managing is always a part of your job. It is also one of the main Characteristics of Entrepreneurs.

Management is known as a process involving the responsibility of economical and effective planning and regulation of the operation of an enterprise to achieve its long term and short term goals using various strategies…

This process of management contains various activities and elements, these activities are common to each and every manager irrespective of the status and level.

Management Definitions By Different Experts

There are four functions of management i.e. planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling.

George and Jerry

To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, and to control.

Henry Fayol

Its POSDCORB” where P stands for Planning, O for Organizing, S for Staffing, D for Directing, Co for Co-ordination, R for reporting, and B for budgeting.

Luther Gallic

Management is an activity to reach certain goals by efforts of Other’s

R Terry

Management is a process that requires the direction and guidance of a group of people to acquire organizational goals

Ricky W Griffin

Management is any task involving achieving goals with the help of four functions PLANNING, ORGANISING, LEADING & CONTROLLING

Widely Used

4 Functions of Management

1st Function of Management – Planning

If you are up to any task to accomplish your aims; building a plan is the first basic step. Without any plan, you are going nowhere. Excellent planning skills are the first ultimate need for being a good manager.

Now if you are a manage an organization first thing that you are going to do is building a plan, for that, you should have the skills for eg which is your good employee at doing which specific task.

How and what amount of supplementary, staff, and money are you going to use to attain your goals. Looking at your needs and availabilities you make a plan and then run this organization as per your plan.

Example

Alice the manager of a Mexican restaurant is working on how to make her restaurant successful she will hire the exact amount of staff that will be needed according to the area where she knows how many customers the restaurant will have and how much supplementary will be needed so that no money & food goes to waste.

She goes to use different advertising media. Alice plans an event to provide food at cheap prices so that customers are attracted and with time they develop a good taste of Mexican food which helps the restaurant to run successfully in the new town.

2nd Function of Management – Organizing

Organizing in any field, Organization or institution is another main function of management. This field requires a manager who has excellent skills in organizing his staff, assigning employee duties, the provided extras, and resources.

Example

If the manager of an organization doesn’t know how many people he needs to staff for a particular task to be done he either hires less which makes the process of achieving goals slow or not being accomplished OR he hires more than necessary hence he wastes a huge amount of money.

If the manager in any restaurant doesn’t know what amount of groceries he needs according to how many customers he has per day. He will either buy too many groceries and waste both money and food Or buy less which will automatically result in a failure to satisfy customers.

3rd Function of Management Leading

You are on a task to manage a group of people to make them work and accomplish the goals as per your need. Money is not going to be the only required fuel.

The employees are the one who works for a person who pays them in return for tasks being completed. But now, here you are not making robots work as per instructions, you are using human resources for which your employees need the motivation to work.

A great deal for you, give you an outstanding result and make your organization succeed with their help by producing high-quality work.

For that, you need to be a great Leader. You are going to give motivation to your employees by providing them with a good environment & conditions to work more effectively, giving them good supervision, providing facilities i.e. health and housing facilities.

Gain confidence in them. So that, they don’t follow you because you pay them but they follow you voluntarily because they believe in you as the leader.

This is done by being a successful person who always makes the right decision, knows the pros and cons, and how to keep away from failures.

4th Function of Management – Controlling

This part of management deals with monitoring and evaluating any activity. Any manager who is making an effort along with his team to achieve the goals of his organization, it’s just for to monitor the whole process and judge the quality of work done by the staff.

Personnel Management focuses on the administrative tasks of the organization along with the employee’s welfare and labour relations management. It is often considered as a sub-category of Human Resource Management. Few consider it to be the same as HRM but it is different from it.

Personnel Management Definition by Different Authors

Edwin Flippo

Personnel Management is concerned with procurement, development, compensation, integration and maintenance of personnel of organization for the purpose of contributing towards the accomplishments of the organizational objectives.

Paul Pigore & Charles Myres

Personnel Management is the line responsibility & staff functions, assisting managers in providing advice, counsel, service and various types of controls to secure uniform administrations of personnel policies designed to achieve an organization’s objective.

Prof. Michael Jueins

Personnel Management is that field of management which has to do with planning, organizing and controlling various operative functions of procuring, developing, maintaining and utilizing a labour force in such a way that:

• Objectives of the company are attained economically and effectively.
• Objectives of all levels of personnel are served to the highest possible degree.
• Objectives of the community are duly considered and served Anything HR Solutions

Martinez et. al, 1993:215

The efficient use of the material resources of any organization depends on how well it is utilized by its Personnel or Manpower.

Sison,1991:30

Personnel Management is concerned with promoting and enhancing the development of work effectiveness and advancement of the human resources in the organization through proper planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling of activities related to procurement, development, motivation, and compensation of employees to achieve the goals of the enterprise.

H.N. North Scott

Personnel management is an extension of general management that of promoting and stimulating every employee to make the fullest contribution to the purpose of the business.

Terry R George

Personnel management is concerned with the obtaining and maintaining of a satisfactory and satisfied workforce.

Spates,194 4:9

Code of the ways of organization and treating individual at work so that they will each get the greatest possible realization of their intrinsic abilities, thus attaining maximum efficiency for themselves and their group, and thereby giving to the enterprise of which they are a part its determining competitive advantage and its optimum result.

Webster, 1687

The phase of management concerned with the engagement and effective utilization of manpower to obtain optimum efficiency of human resources management functions.

Paul G. Hastings

Personnel Management is that aspect of management having as its goal the effective utilization of the labour resources of an organization.

Functions and Objectives of Personnel Management

• Conduct job analysis
• Recruitment and Selection of employees
• Performance appraisal systems of employees
• Handling employee relations at the workplace
• Employee Retention
• To align the individual’s goals with the organization’s goals and objectives
• To assure organizational compliance with governmental laws
• Provision of the proper work environment and to ensure job satisfaction
• To analyze Job security, avenues for promotion and internal and external compensation
• To achieve a social objective like creating more employment opportunities, producing goods at the cheap rates and allocation of resources in useful ways
• The orientation of new employees in an organization
• To motivate the employees to do best on jobs
• To communicate with all employees effectively
• Role of Personnel Management is to play a role as Mediator between employees and management
• To assist the top management in developing the strategic goals and objectives

Importance of Personnel Management

Employees are considered as an important asset of an organization, so the organization tries its best to retain them. In this modern era, many companies hire personnel managers as an essential part of their organization. Personnel management deals with transactional and administrative aspects of HR management. To understand the importance of Personnel Management considers the following:

Motivation

Personnel managers motivate employees to their job. They tried to motivate those employees who are not doing their job in a way as it should be doing. They carefully listen to their problems and solve their queries and issues. On the other hand, personnel managers motivate employees by offering them incentives, bonuses, perks, promotions, etc.

Competitive

Personnel managers train employees to stay up-to-date on their jobs because things are changing rapidly in this fast-paced era. So with the changing external environment organizations have to adopt a change to survive in the industry.

Hence, personnel managers conduct training sessions and seminars to train and to develop their employees. So that they can easily perform their jobs.

Competent Workforce

Personnel manager develops a competent workforce who can work with full devotion to achieve the mission and vision of the organization. He evaluates the performance of employees and finds out the best workers to create a competent workforce. The competent workforce also plays an important role to gain competitive advantage.

Managing People

Personnel managers manage not only the organized and disorganized workers in the organization, but individually manage the people in the organization. It manages all of the persons and departments like clerical staff, administration, top management, line managers, etc.

Human Relations

Personnel department concerned with the human relations in the organization. It stabilizes human relations through 7 Cs communication, supervision and leadership

What Happens In the Absence of Personnel Management

• The turnover rate will be high
• Wrong hiring process
• Conflicts will be increased
• Wrong compensation and benefits plans
• Outdated structure
• Unfair labour practices
• Incompetent workforce
• Demotivated employees
• Unable to gain competitive advantage
• Wrong performance appraisals systems
• Organization’s goals and objectives couldn’t be achieved

Psychology is the study of mind and behavior and if we talk about the role of psychology in human resources then it is the branch of psychology studying behavior and mental processes of the person in the course of management. Organizational psychologists play a vital role in the human resources management functions of different companies and organizations.

A study was conducted by Seyidov in 2002 in which they also defined the management and then shows the correlation between management and psychology

Selection of New Employees

Human resources psychology jobs are designed for the selection procedure for hiring suitable employees is very important. The interview is taken by the candidates in whom they examine the skills, interest, knowledge, passion, and determination of the persons related to the requirements of the job.

A psychologist is also present in the panel interview and assesses the person’s confidence level, verbal, nonverbal behavior, and above all his motivation.

8 steps in the employee selection process are taken under the deep observation of a business psychologist. Psychometric tests are also used for further evaluation. Self-report inventories are given to the candidates for measuring their cognitive abilities, logical reasoning, and personality. These inventories should be standardized, valid, and reliable.

Performance Checks to Improve Existing Employees

The role is most important in promoting the already working employees in the organization with different employee performance management tools. Psychologist improves their performance by using different tactics.

Motivation

The motivation of the employees is very important in any job. If a person is motivated to do something then he can achieve the goals and maintain his status among other employees. They can be motivated by randomly putting employee motivation quotes images in the office, the computer wallpaper, or any weekly or monthly seminars.

Interpersonal Relationships

Mostly, they try to enhance communication skills. Employee communication with other employees and the manager is part of the organization. There are various types of interpersonal relationships within the office. If the environment is pleasant and employees are working, ultimately, productivity will rise.

If there is conflict among employees then it affects the performance of the persons and keeps them disturbed during the work.

Reward and Bonuses

If the employees are working honestly in the company then a different type of bonuses & rewards for the employees to motivate them should be given. It causes to increase the performance and, in the response, they work hard by day and night and raise the company and organization in society.

Besides rewards and bonuses, if the manager increases their wages and salary on the basis of their work hard and loyalty then it leaves a positive impact on their mind.

The environment of The Organization

The psychologist also suggests that the Physical environment of any organization is the most important part of improving performance. The structure of the room should be airy, the proper light should be available. Machines should be updated.

In some company’s tea and lunch breaks are given to the employees and it makes them fresh. Internal Organizational environment should be friendly to do employee duties effectively. Timing is also the most important factor and eight hours of duty in a day is enough for better performance.

Entrepreneurial & Leadership Skills

Leadership in management is also the most interesting factor.  There are different types of leadership & Entrepreneurial skills & styles manager adopt according to their personalities. The transformation leadership style is all about bringing change among groups and employees. This type of entrepreneur and leader motivates others to do more, listen to their complaints, and solve their disputes. They set more challenges and often achieve higher performance.